Treatments explained
Short, plain-language explanations. Which treatment is right for you is decided together with the doctor after an evaluation.
IVF (in vitro fertilisation)
After hormone stimulation, eggs are collected and fertilised in the laboratory. One embryo is transferred to the uterus a few days later; suitable embryos can be frozen.
May be considered for: Blocked tubes, endometriosis, unexplained infertility, unsuccessful earlier treatments.
ICSI
A single sperm cell is injected directly into each mature egg. It is the standard approach when sperm quality is low.
May be considered for: Male factor infertility, previous fertilisation problems.
IUI (intrauterine insemination)
Prepared sperm is placed into the uterus around ovulation. Simpler and less invasive than IVF.
May be considered for: Mild male factor, cervical factors; open fallopian tubes are required.
Egg donation
Eggs from a screened donor are fertilised with the partner's sperm, and the embryo is transferred to the intended mother.
May be considered for: Low ovarian reserve, early menopause, repeated IVF failure, some genetic conditions.
Sperm donation
Sperm from a screened donor is used for IUI or IVF.
May be considered for: Absence of sperm, serious sperm problems, some genetic conditions.
Embryo donation
An embryo created from donor eggs and donor sperm is transferred.
May be considered for: When both egg and sperm factors are present.
PGT-A (genetic screening of embryos)
Embryos are checked for an abnormal number of chromosomes before transfer, commonly with next-generation sequencing (NGS).
May be considered for: Repeated miscarriage, repeated implantation failure, higher maternal age — as advised by the doctor.
PGT-M / PGD
Embryos are tested for one specific inherited condition known in the family.
May be considered for: Couples carrying a known single-gene disorder.
Egg freezing
Eggs are collected and frozen by vitrification to be used later.
May be considered for: Postponing pregnancy, before medical treatments that may affect fertility.
Embryo freezing & frozen transfer (FET)
Good-quality embryos not transferred are frozen and can be transferred in a later cycle.
May be considered for: Spare embryos, or when a later transfer is medically preferable.
Sperm freezing
Sperm is frozen for later use.
May be considered for: Before medical treatment, or when the partner cannot be present on the day.
Micro-TESE
Under a surgical microscope, sperm is searched for directly in testicular tissue.
May be considered for: Men with no sperm in the ejaculate (non-obstructive azoospermia).
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